The role of circadian rhythms in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity: A narrative review
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the information updated until 2019 about the role of circadian rhythms in obese ADHD individuals.
Method. A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database. The terms ADHD, obesity, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, adolescent, adult, Adolesc, circadian, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child were combined with logical functions.
Results. A total of 132 articles were reviewed. Evidence showed that ADHD subjects have an increased risk to present obesity and circadian rhythms disorders. Some possible pathways for this relationship have been hypothesized including obesity as a risk factor, an underpinned common biological dysfunction, and behavioral and cognitive features of individuals with ADHD. As most of the articles are methodologically cross-sectional, it is not possible to establish causative associations.
Discussion and conclusion. This review points out the importance of early recognizing and treating circadian rhythms disorders and obesity in ADHD patients. Future studies must be carried out with a longitudinal design to establish the effect of each comorbidity in the treatment of individuals with ADHD.
Downloads
References
Aguirre Castaneda, R. L., Kumar, S., Voigt, R. G., Leibson, C. L., Barbaresi, W. J., Weaver, A. L., ... Katusic, S. K. (2016). Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, sex, and obesity: A longitudinal population-based study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(3), 352-361. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.09.017
Anderson, S. E., Cohen, P., Naumova, E. N., & Must, A. (2006). Relationship of childhood behavior disorders to weight gain from childhood into adulthood. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6(5), 297-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ambp.2006.06.002
Arble, D. M., Ramsey, K. M., Bass, J., & Turek, F. W. (2010). Circadian disruption and metabolic disease: Findings from animal models. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 24(5), 785-800. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.003
Bailey, S. M., Udoh, U. S., & Young, M. E. (2014). Circadian regulation of metabolism. Journal of Endocrinology, 222(2), R75-R96. doi: 10.1530/joe-14-0200
Bazar, K. A., Yun, A. J., Lee, P. Y., Daniel, S. M., & Doux, J. D. (2006). Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: a model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. Medical Hypotheses, 66(2), 263-269. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.042
Benjet, C., Borges, G., Méndez, E., Albor, Y., Casanova, L., Orozco, R., ... Medina-Mora, M. E. (2016). Eight-year incidence of psychiatric disorders and service use from adolescence to early adulthood: longitudinal follow-up of the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25(2), 163-173. doi: 10.1007/s00787-015-0721-5
Buxton, O. M., Cain, S. W., O’Connor, S. P., Porter, J. H., Duffy, J. F., Wang, W., ... Shea, S. A. (2012). Adverse metabolic consequences in humans of prolonged sleep restriction combined with circadian disruption. Science Translational Medicine, 4(129), 129ra143. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003200
Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31(5), 619-626. doi: 10.1093/sleep/31.5.619
Chaput, J. P., Després, J. P., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2012). Longer sleep duration associates with lower adiposity gain in adult short sleepers. International Journal of Obesity, 36(5), 752-756. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.110
Chaudhury, D., Liu, H., & Han, M. H. (2015). Neuronal correlates of depression. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 72(24), 4825-4848. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2044-6
Chieffi, S., Carotenuto, M., Monda, V., Valenzano, A., Villano, I., Precenzano, F., … Messina, A. (2017). Orexin system: The key for a healthy life. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 357. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00357
Coogan, A. N., & McGowan, N. M. (2017). A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 9(3), 129-147. doi: 10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5
Copinschi, G., Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (2000). Pathophysiology of human circadian rhythms. Mechanisms and Biological Significance of Pulsatile Hormone Secretion: Novartis Foundation Symposium, 227, 143-157; discussion 157-162. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi: 10.1002/0470870796.ch9
Cortese, S., & Castellanos, F. X. (2014). The relationship between ADHD and obesity: implications for therapy. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 14(5), 473-479. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2014.904748
Cortese, S., & Tessari, L. (2017). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity: Update 2016. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(1), 4. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0754-1
Cortese, S., Faraone, S. V., Bernardi, S., Wang, S., & Blanco, C. (2013a). Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity: epidemiological study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203(1), 24-34. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.123299
Cortese, S., Konofal, E., Bernardina, B. D., Mouren, M. C., & Lecendreux, M. (2008). Does excessive daytime sleepiness contribute to explaining the association between obesity and ADHD symptoms?. Medical Hypotheses, 70(1), 12-16. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.036
Cortese, S., Moreira-Maia, C. R., St Fleur, D., Morcillo-Peñalver, C., Rohde, L. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2016). Association between ADHD and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(1), 34-43. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020266
Cortese, S., Ramos Olazagasti, M. A., Klein, R. G., Castellanos, F. X., Proal, E., & Mannuzza, S. (2013b). Obesity in men with childhood ADHD: A 33-year controlled, prospective, follow-up study. Pediatrics, 131(6), e1731-e1738. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0540
Doi, R., Oishi, K., & Ishida, N. (2010). CLOCK regulates circadian rhythms of hepatic glycogen synthesis through transcriptional activation of Gys2. Journal Biological Chemistry, 285(29), 22114-22121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.110361
Edery, I. (2000). Circadian rhythms in a nutshell. Physiological Genomics, 3(2), 59-74. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.3.2.59
Fonken, L. K., & Nelson, R. J. (2014). The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism. Endocrine Reviews, 35(4), 648-670. doi: 10.1210/er.2013-1051
Grant, D. A., Franzini, C., Wild, J., & Walker, A. M. (1998). Cerebral circulation in sleep: vasodilatory response to cerebral hypotension. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 18(6), 639-645. doi: 10.1097/00004647-199806000-00006
Hakim, F., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., & Gozal, D. (2015). Obesity and Altered Sleep: A Pathway to Metabolic Derangements in Children? Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 22(2), 77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.04.006
Hastings, M. H., Maywood, E. S., & Brancaccio, M. (2018). Generation of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(8), 453-469. doi: 10.1038/s41583-018-0026-z
Hirota, T., & Fukada, Y. (2004). Resetting mechanism of central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals. Zoological Science, 21(4), 359-368. doi: 10.2108/zsj.21.359
Huang, W., Ramsey, K. M., Marcheva, B., & Bass, J. (2011). Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(6), 2133-2141. doi: 10.1172/jci46043
Hubel, R., Jass, J., Marcus, A., & Laessle, R. G. (2006). Overweight and basal metabolic rate in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 11(3), 139-146. doi: 10.1007/BF03327559
Kernie, S. G., Liebl, D. J., & Parada, L. F. (2000). BDNF regulates eating behavior and locomotor activity in mice. The EMBO Journal, 19(6), 1290-1300. doi: 10.1093/emboj/19.6.1290
Khalife, N., Kantomaa, M., Glover, V., Tammelin, T., Laitinen, J., Ebeling, H., ... Rodriguez, A. (2014). Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are risk factors for obesity and physical inactivity in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(4), 425-436. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.01.009
Kohsaka, A., & Bass, J. (2007). A sense of time: how molecular clocks organize metabolism. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 18(1), 4-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.11.005
Lam, L. T., & Yang, L. (2007). Overweight/obesity and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder tendency among adolescents in China. International Journal of Obesity, 31(4), 584-590. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803526
Lobstein, T., Jackson-Leach, R., Moodie, M. L., Hall, K. D., Gortmaker, S. L., Swinburn, B. A., ... McPherson, K. (2015). Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. Lancet, 385(9986), 2510-2520. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61746-3
Mavanji, V., Teske, J. A., Billington, C. J., & Kotz, C. M. (2010). Elevated sleep quality and orexin receptor mRNA in obesity-resistant rats. International Journal of Obesity, 34(11), 1576-1588. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.93
McHill, A. W., Hull, J. T., McMullan, C. J., & Klerman, E. B. (2018). Chronic insufficient sleep has a limited impact on circadian rhythmicity of subjective hunger and awakening fasted metabolic hormones. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 319. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00319
Moore, R. Y. (2013). The suprachiasmatic nucleus and the circadian timing system. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 119, 1-28. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396971-2.00001-4
Mosendane, Th., Mosendane, Ts., & Raal, F. J. (2008). Shift work and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Journal of Africa, 19(4), 210-215.
Nixon, J. P., Mavanji, V., Butterick, T. A., Billington, C. J., Kotz, C. M., & Teske, J. A. (2015). Sleep disorders, obesity, and aging: The role of orexin. Ageing Research Reviews, 20, 63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.001
Pagoto, S. L., Curtin, C., Lemon, S. C., Bandini, L. G., Schneider, K. L., Bodenlos, J. S., & Ma, Y. (2009). Association between adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in the US population. Obesity, 17(3), 539-544. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.587
Pantazopoulos, H., Gamble, K., Stork, O., & Amir, S. (2018). Circadian Rhythms in Regulation of Brain Processes and Role in Psychiatric Disorders. Neural Plasticity, 2018, 5892657. doi: 10.1155/2018/5892657
Parsons, M. J., Moffitt, T. E., Gregory, A. M., Goldman-Mellor, S., Nolan, P. M., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2015). Social jetlag, obesity and metabolic disorder: investigation in a cohort study. International Journal of Obesity, 39(5), 842-848. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.201
Patte, K. A., Davis, C. A., Levitan, R. D., Kaplan, A. S., Carter-Major, J., & Kennedy, J. L. (2016). A behavioral genetic model of the mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and symptoms of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(10), 1425-1436. doi: 10.1177/1087054715618793
Poeta, L. S., & Rosa-Neto, F. (2007). Motor assessment in school-aged children with indicators of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Revista de Neurologia, 44(3), 146-149.
Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345-365. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12381
Quesada, D., Ahmed, N. U., Fennie, K. P., Gollub, E. L., & Ibrahimou, B. (2018). A review: Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, physical activity, medication use, eating behaviors and obesity in children and adolescents. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(3), P495-504. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.01.006
Quintero, J., Félix Alcántara, M. P., Banzo-Arguis, C., Martínez de Velasco Soriano, R., Barbudo, E., ... Pérez-Templado Ladrón de Guevara, J. (2016). Psicopatología en el paciente con obesidad. Salud Mental, 39(3), 123-130. doi: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.010
Raziel, A., Sakran, N., & Goitein, D. (2014). The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and obesity. Harefuah, 153(9), 541-545, 557.
Romero-Martínez, M., Shamah-Levy, T., Vielma-Orozco, E., Heredia-Hernández, O., Mojica-Cuevas, J., Cuevas-Nasu, L., & Rivera-Dommarco, J. (2019). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19: metodología y perspectivas. Salud Pública de México, 61(6, nov-dic), 917-923. Retrieved from http://saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/11095 Fecha de Acceso Enero 20, 2020. doi: 10.21149/11095
Schrader, H., Bovim, G., & Sand, T. (1993). The prevalence of delayed and advanced sleep phase syndromes. Journal of Sleep Research, 2(1), 51-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00061.x
Shea, S. A., Hilton, M. F., Orlova, C., Ayers, R. T., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2005). Independent circadian and sleep/wake regulation of adipokines and glucose in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90(5), 2537-2544. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-2232
Shinawi, M., Sahoo, T., Maranda, B., Skinner, S. A., Skinner, C., Chinault, C., ... Beaudet, A. L. (2011). 11p14.1 microdeletions associated with ADHD, autism, developmental delay, and obesity. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 155(6), 1272-1280. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33878
Simon, G. E., Von Korff, M., Saunders, K., Miglioretti, D. L., Crane, P. K., van Belle, G., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Association between obesity and psychiatric disorders in the US adult population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(7), 824-830. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.824
Takahashi, J. S., Shimomura, K., & Kumar, V. (2008). Searching for genes underlying behavior: lessons from circadian rhythms. Science, 322(5903), 909-912. doi: 10.1126/science.1158822
Touitou, Y., Reinberg, A., & Touitou, D. (2017). Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sciences, 173, 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008
Türkoğlu, S., & Çetin, F. H. (2019). The relationship between chronotype and obesity in children and adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chronobiology International, 36(8), 1138-1147. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1622131
Vogel, S. W., Bijlenga, D., Tanke, M., Bron, T. I., van der Heijden, K. B., Swaab, H., ... Kooij, J. J. (2015). Circadian rhythm disruption as a link between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and obesity? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 79(5), 443-450. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.002
Weinberg, W. A., & Brumback, R. A. (1990). Primary disorder of vigilance: A novel explanation of inattentiveness, daydreaming, boredom, restlessness, and sleepiness. The Journal of Pediatrics, 116(5), P720-725. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82654-X
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2014). Facts and figures on childhood obesity. Commission on ending childhood obesity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/end-childhood-obesity/facts/en
Zee, P. C., Attarian, H., & Videnovic, A. (2013). Circadian rhythm abnormalities. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 19(1 Sleep Disorders), 132-147. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000427209.21177.aa
