Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief
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Resumen
Objetivo. Revisar los tratamientos susceptibles de aplicar en pacientes con TDP por COVID-19.
Método. Se realizó la búsqueda en PUBMED y Scholar google con las palabras clave trastorno de duelo prolongado, duelo complicado, duelo y psicoterapia y tratamiento del duelo prolongado o complicado o complejo persistente.
Resultados. Se revisaron 50 artículos, se refirió la eficacia de la terapia interpersonal, la terapia racional emotiva del comportamiento, la terapia de apoyo, la terapia humanista, la terapia familiar sistémica, la terapia grupal, la terapia de escritura, la intervención basada en internet, y una modalidad de terapia cognitivo conductual aplicada al duelo prolongado, la terapia metacognitiva y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso.
Discusión y conclusión. No hay consenso sobre el uso preferencial de tratamientos psicoterapéuticos en personas con TDP por la pérdida de una familiar por COVID-19. La terapia grupal es efectiva en disminuir la intensidad del duelo no complicado, la terapia cognitivo conductual es altamente efectiva para disminuir la gravedad del duelo, la Terapia Metacognitiva diseñada específicamente para el TDP impacta positivamente en la depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida; y la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso es útil en el restablecimiento de la espiritualidad. La psicoterapia es más eficaz cuando se combina con terapia farmacológica. Se sugiere la realización de estudios comparativos entre técnicas psicoterapéuticas para el manejo de pacientes con TDP asociado a COVID-19 y la adaptación de estas técnicas a ambientes virtuales.
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